Disks with specific diameters are punched out of the electrode sheet.

A conductive adhesive is used to adhere the electrodes punched from the sheet to the metal case and cap that will form the capacitor.

After drying, the case and cap (with the electrodes glued inside) are filled with an organic liquid electrolyte inside a dry box.

The case and cap are assembled together with a separator and a gasket, and the case is crimped in a case to seal the opening, forming a coin cell.

100% of the coin cells are subjected to electrical testing.

Because the withstand voltage of the individual coin cells is between 2.8 and 3.0 V, two or three of these cells are connected in series.

Aluminum foil is coated with the activated charcoal material to make activated charcoal electrodes.

Aluminum foil is coated with the activated charcoal material to make activated charcoal electrodes.

Leads are attached through either crimping or ultrasonic bonding to form contacts with the cathode and anode foil layers.

Electrolytic paper layers are coiled between the cathode and anode foil layers, separating the conductive layers, during coiling to form the "element."

The element is wetted with an electrolyte using, for example, a lower pressure to drive the fluid into the element.

After wetting, a rubber seal is put on the leads and the element is inserted into the case.

A sleeve printed with the rated voltage, capacitance, characteristics, etc., is heat-shrinked onto the capacitor.

The rated voltage is applied, to age (debug) the components.

100% of the units are subjected to electrical testing and visual inspection, and the infant mortality failures are removed.